(1). Explain the physiological basis of the following.
Two ECGs were taken on a healthy adult on two separate occasions.
At rest: R-R interval was 0.8 seconds.
On massaging both sides of the neck: R-R interval was 1.0 seconds and he felt faintish
2.The cardiovascular changes secondary to bilateral carotid artery occlusion can be considerably reversed by bilateral vagotomy.
(2). A healthy young adult male jogged for 10 minutes at room temperature.
The following changes were observed in him.
A rise in pulse rate from 88 bpm to 160 bpm.
A rise in SBP from 125 mmHg to 140 mmHg.
A fall in DBP from 80 mmHg to 70 mmHg.
Explain the physiological basis of the above observations.
(3).
While holding a heavy weight, the blood flow to his arm muscles was measured. It was only slightly increased from the resting value.But his SBP and DBP significantly increased from the resting value.
Explain the physiological basis of this observation.
(4).
A person was found by the side of the road, bleeding profusely following a road traffic accident. He was rushed to the hospital. On examination his pulse rate was 120 bpm, pulse volume was low, skin was cold and clammy, blood pressure was 120/70 mmHg.
Explain the physiological basis of the above observations.
(5).
Explain the physiological basis of the following:
- A patient diagnosed with congestive cardiac failure had bilateral pitting ankle oedema. The oedema was most prominent when he kept standing or seated with his feet down for a long time.
- This patient also had elevated JVP and pulmonary oedema.
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis may lead to elevated SBP.
- Hypoxia seen in patients with left to right shunts of the heart is not improved by inhalation of oxygen.
Labels: CVS, CVS SEQs, Physiology SEQ