(1). Discuss:
Handling of Na+ and water by the nephron.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma clearance.
Principles of measuring renal blood flow and GFR.
(2). Explain the physiological basis of the following.
Injection of 5mU of vasopressin to a human will reduce the free water clearance without changing the arterial blood pressure.
Injection of 500mU of vasopressin to the same subject on a different occasion will cause a rise in the blood pressure and a reduction in the water clearance.
(3). Explain the physiological basis of the following.
Renal rennin secretion increases in moderate exercise.
Administration of Acetazolamide decreases the urinary excretion of NH4+.
(4). Explain the physiological basis of the following.
Individuals on a protein deficient diet may show defective urine concentrating ability.
A human deprived of water under desert conditions can produce urine of concentrations greater than 1400 mosm/L.
(5). Explain the physiological basis
What is water intoxication?
Following undergoing a surgery, a patient developed an increase in his ADH secretion (SIADH due to surgical trauma) and had convulsions.
(6). A man was brought to the outpatient department. History obtained from relatives indicated that he suffers from diabetes mellitus. On examination, the following findings were noted.
The man was semi-conscious
His respiratory rate was 32 cycles/min
The blood pH was 7.25
The urine had a strong ammoniacal smell on standing
Explain each of the above findings.
(7) Discuss the physiology of hydrogen iron regulation in a healthy person . describe briefly how this may be changed in renal failure
Labels: Physiology SEQ, Renal