• QRS complex ( < 0.12 S) - ventricular depolarization and Atrial repolarization 

• T wave - ventricular repolarization 

• PR Interval (< 0.2 s ) - from onset of wave to onset of QRS complex 

                                         - Due to AV nodal delay

• QT Interval - beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave. 

                             -Ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Sinus rhythm

• Occurs in normal heart 
• Each heart beat originate in SA node 
• Heart rate vary between 60 – 100 beats per minute 
• P wave appear at regular intervals 

Sinus arrhythmia

Normal phenomenon in healthy young individuals, breathing at normal rate. Heart rate increase in inspiration and decrease in expiration.

Sinus tachycardia (heart rate more than 100 beats per minute)

• Emotion 
• Exercise 
• Fever 
• Anemia 
• Hyperthyroidism 

Sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute)

• Trained athletes 
• Increased intra cranial pressure 
• Hypothyroidism 
• SA node anomalies

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