Which of the following is most effective in controlling long term changes in blood pressure? ( select best answer )
a) Carotid sinus receptors
b) Central chemoreceptors
c) ANP
d) CNS ischemic response
e) Renal blood flow control mechanism
Answer
e) Renal blood flow control mechanism
Discussion
- Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output into total peripheral resistance (BP = CO × TPR)
- Therefore changes of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance affect blood pressure
- Cardiac output and total peripheral are under control of neuronal and humoral mechanism
- Neuronal mechanism is short term and humoral mechanism are long term
- Click here to see what neuronal and humoral mechanisms are
Short term blood pressure regulation mechanism
- The vasomotor center involves in regulation of blood presurre short termly
- Vasomotor center directly stimulates by hypercapnia and hypoxia
- Indirectly stimulate by impulse which are coming through the cerebral cortex, brain stem, pain path ways and Carotid and aortic chemoreceptors
- Vasomotor center indirectly inhibited by impulse which are coming through Carotid, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and cerebral cortex
Long term regulation of blood pressure
- Long term regulation occurs through regulation total blood volume
- Reduced renal blood flow increases release of rennin and then increase water retention
- Eventually increase of blood volume leads to increase blood pressure
- Therefor increasing renal blood flow blood pressure can be reduced
See more about blood pressure regulation on www.interactivephysiology.com
( References Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, Twenty-Third Edition)
Labels: CVS, CVS MCQ, Physiology MCQ